An investigation into operations management issues within the Essay

An investigating into operations management issues within the hospitality industry - Essay ExampleWith improved productivity and operations, the approach moderates and quality is improved. Since the above mentioned activities be integrated with each other closely in a operations drawstring, it I important for any bon ton to control and manage these activities to boost its performance and profits. This article provide concentrate upon the productivity improvement concerns for a restaurant Good Foods Restaurant. Aim The various productivity concerns that the partnership faces in its daily operations and how these operations can be optimized to increase the production efficiency testament the topic of study of this paper. Methodology The preferred methodology in this case was to study a do of case studies in the hospitality sector that implement any kind of production improvement techniques and indeed study their previous conditions and the results after the recommendations were executed. Also other forms of literature available from books, online were studied. Company Introduction The political party is involved in the restaurant business to its customers across 17 outlets. Good Foods has been kn cause in the merchandise for its consistent quality of the food being served and a strong focus upon the business. With several dishes being served to its customers, and likewise catered in some cases, on a regular basis, the company has received the constant positive reviews from its clients. The hotel company was formed in the year 1975 and has built a strong tradition of hard work and faith. The hotel specializes in the first place in the sauces, soups and flavor bases that are also marketed under a number of brand names by the hotel company. With more than 3 production units in the region, Good Foods Ltd. is trying hard to make higher allowance account profits for itself. In the food sector and hospitality service industry, itis important that in or der to take a breather competitive, Good Foods maintain efficient operations in production and marketing. At present the company own three plants which are not being operated in a desired optimized manner. Therefore, to achieve targets, the company obstinate to implement some operations management techniques to improve productivity and its hospitality services. Current Production Phases The usable methods that are being used by Good Foods to manufacture products that are marketed by the company are quite complex in nature and comprise of a number of multifaceted operations that are spread across the 3 production units. The initial phases that are a part of this operational chain at Good Food are the detailedscheduling which is done by the management to decrease the down time for each of the three production units. The production scheduling is done manually by the company managers. The production scheduling phase is followed by the option planning and procurement phase in which the managers decide the quality, quantity of resources that are to be allocated to each line and at what time. The quantity, quality and time of resource procurement are very important at this point in order to maintain a steady flow of production and product quality. At many instances, the managers noticed that since the resources need to be a lot shared at many points and levels in the production chain, there existed some sharing concerns. There were unevenness and waste concerns that were pointed out by the managers. The last step of the production line consisted of cleaning and preparing the line for a new batch of production. It is to be noted here that due to the

Management information system Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

prudence entropy system - question Paper ExampleThe unparalleled progresses in calculation and communication technologies have made much(prenominal) requirements adaptable into attainable objectives. Thus, a large portion of the world population has its stake in information systems. Invariably, such systems ar computer based. Today, more than ever before in the history of human kind, we have an quenchless thirst for information. The order of magnitude has changed significantly from the Barbarian to the Agrarian Society, from Agrarian to the Industrial society and from the industrial society to a society dominated by the service sector. People have witnessed the industrial revolution, the advent of go and introduction of telephones. Today, people are all living in an information society. It goes without saying that we describe the certify times as the information era or the IT age. Underneath this is a tacit acceptance of the detail that not since the advent of the automobil e and the introduction of the telephone has an invention, had such wide spread impact on our lives and society as the computer, which has ushered in the information era. ... Notably, organizational focal point systems that pertain functioning, planning, and running of an organization are very significant. In reference to Lucey (2004), management information system implies chiefly organizational information systems which are generally large, sophisticated, structured, and dynamically evolving and of immense commercial value. In addition, Lucey (2004) notes that computer data structures required to sanction administration of a business structure the primary subject of this transcript. Description of the information system and its functions Management information system is a familiar term to most of the managers working in both universal and private organizations. These systems are used widely by administrators at central, functioning and superior degrees in an organization. Organiz ations utilize a high number of system analysts and programmers and systems analysts to build numerous management information systems (Lucey, 2004). Obviously, in the statement of system analysts and programmers in addition to general executives, the subject management information system occupies a disclose position. A TECOM investings organization in Dubai is no exception. TECOM investment organization develops and manages business parks under Dubai Holdings. TECOM investment holding is a conglomeration of more than four thousand companies. This organization uses information systems in its management and provides information system services to its clients through the Dubai internet city business park. TECOM investment has installed management information systems in different departments which have different goals and objectives. Though Management Information system was envisioned as a single

The Emergence of a Unique Cultural Life in the South America Essay

The Emergence of a Unique Cultural life history in the reciprocal ohm America - Essay ExampleThe number of the people who migrated was in terms of millions. For the Asians and the Europeans who travel to South America had to go across the ocean. Many of those who migrated to America preferred residing in the Western ramp of America and some parts of the North Eastern align. However, others felt more attracted to move to the grey side of America (Cobb 75). These people include Greeks, Italians, Cubans, Jews, and Asians among many others. However, the number of the immigrants to South America was less than the number of Southern African Americans who lived in poverty. In South America, there was a lot of poverty and the wages were excessively low to attract immigrants. There were very hardly a(prenominal) opportunities for the immigrants since pitch-dark Americans and a few of the local whites are the once who worked in the agricultural sectors as laborers and employees in the textile industry respectively. By 1860, only tailfin percent of the population was made of the immigrants unlike in the North and East parts of America whereby the constituent of the population made up by the immigrants was fourteen. Actually, to the South American government, that was very disappointing considering that the government tried and true as much as possible to attract more foreigners (Cobb 99). After the coming of foreigners to South America, several(prenominal) factors influenced the cultivation of the region in an impacting way. One of the factors is racism. Amongst the Asian foreigners, the highest number was made of Chinese people. There were few Chinese women as compared to Chinese men. Eventually, close of the Chinese men married black American women who were black in complexion. In some few cases, Chinese men married the local whites in South America. The children born as a result of the intermarriage were neither white nor black. White schools could not e nter the Chinese children to their schools because they did not know the best way to classify the children (Edward 97). As a result of intermarriages, naked groups of people came up who were more variant in their way of life. Language is another factor that leads to the incomparable culture in South America. Converging of different cultures and different lifestyles in the region made the culture unique. Though others tried to copy and cope with different cultures, new cultures were developed. The blacks were able to grow foodstuffs such as corn and cassava. Asians came up with a way of getting rid of the poisonous parts found in the foodstuffs. The blacks had to adapt the culture of the Asians in a way to benefit them (Edward 101). Normally, when different types of people occupy a place, it occurs that one is not confined in his or her culture. Therefore, there was a lot of evolving in different cultures in order to make life better. Different religions, which existed in South Am erica, caused a lot in the culture. Since there were religions, which worked well with a certain group of people, this affected the culture of the people. Some groups of people did not value others depending on their religions and many denominations. This lead to conflicts because different churches had their own way of doing and showing their here was a time that protestants could not mind the church to attend since the protestant churches had common practices. Eventually, there being hit man division in the churches and different faiths, disparities arose thus different churches were meant for different groups (Edward 185). By the late 19th century, undiscipline in churches started because the worshippers started being against each other. This caused internal indiscipline in the region. Each church believed that its faith was the most correct and

Emergency Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

fate Management - Assignment ExampleThe EOC will need sufficient communications systems to remain in opposition with the PIO, and each should have a designated liaison. There should be only one spokesman for the government to stifle common confusion, and information needs to remain current and thorough. Line agencies will let in the public utilities that need to secure power and energy, public works that need to clear debris and reduce hazards, and the highway department that assures the caoutchouc and operation of streets and roads. In addition, it may take on the agencies responsible for ongoing search and rescue. Staff agencies will be responsible for planning the convalescence, which may include restructuring the zoning laws or building codes. Development agencies may be necessary to fund and secure fleeting housing and oversee relocation programs. In addition, it may include the agencies responsible for ongoing search and rescue. Staff agencies will be responsible for p lanning the recovery, which may include restructuring the zoning laws or building codes. Development agencies may be necessary to fund and secure temporary housing and oversee relocation programs. As the response strain moves into recovery, the first phase is used to reduce and eliminate hazards, restore critical infrastructure and services, and inspect public transportation and structures. During phase two, utilities are amply restored, and social and health services are put into place. Long-term housing needs are organism met and economic considerations, such as low-interest loans, are beginning to be implemented. Phase three is the long-term recovery and includes the rebuilding of residential and commercial structures, as well as rebuilding and restoring roads, bridges, and transportation systems. The long-term phase also overlaps with planning that includes long term economic recovery, and the mitigation of future disasters. The functions of disaster recovery send away be gro uped into the major categories of restoring initial order and services, damage assessment, rebuilding, and long term planning.

Digital revolutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Digital revolutions - Essay ExampleTo understand the consumers, organizations have historically employed a market research strategy. This traditional method involves deploying selling representatives to the ground to invest the consumers needs and nominate the business on the best approach to addressing these needs. Advancement of technology has however changed the situation. The invention of the internet, mobile phones, and another(prenominal) technical devices have revolutionized market. Today, human beings are connected to one another regardless of the distance. This implies that the physical interaction of the marketer and the target audience is no longer necessary. The interaction and market study happens online and through the technological devices. This has changed the global marketing environment. This paper is a research report on the changes in global marketing that have resulted from the digital revolution. The paper addresses these changes from the perspective of technology and globalization.Marketing involves a great deal of communication. Technologies such(prenominal) as the web, mobile phones, social media, and customer relationship management systems greatly affect modern marketing. The marketing representatives of any company or specific product must communicate with the consumers. The communication helps them to learn and identify the consumers needs and requirements. Further, this also helps them to identify the challenges that the product may face in the market and hence dress their strategies accordingly. In the past, communicating with the consumers demanded costly travels and promotions to issue questionnaires or conduct interviews (Glance et al. 2005). However, with the digital revolution communication technology has made it possible to interact and communicate with consumers in a more hard-hitting and cost effective way.Marketers are now targeting social media and the

Corporate Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Governance - Essay suitThis is whereby the faithful is adapted to bargain and receive discounts on the account that it is able to buy more at once. Since the firm has the capability of buying large stocks at a go those involved ar able to negotiate easily in terms of buying price. The firm give later sell at a higher price that impart result in the making of scratch within it. at that place is combining of complementary resources. For instance, these two firms were complementing each other in terms of resources and in exchange some(prenominal) get money, that will now be over and the acquiring company will not settle any individual. If Frankfurt stock exchange took over the London stock exchange, this simply means that it will not be incurring the expenses for the complementary services it used to receive from the London counterpart. Another payoff is garnering tax advantages. In this context the, only the acquisition firm will pay tax. Conversely, the acquired firm will not pay any tax. Therefore, this means that expenses towards taxes will reduce and hence more money is leftfield that will be counted as profit for the firm. There is besides the advantage of elimination of inefficiency within the firms. meeting whitethorn mean acquiring the best employees who would carry out their duties efficiently and this may eliminate ineffectiveness that is associated with losses. This will result into more profits being made by the firm. Merging may also lead to purchasing customers and therefore increasing market share. This will directly translate to increased gross sales and hence more profits since the completion has been eliminated and activities are being done jointly. Subsequently, merging may change the firm to obtain any proprietary rights that are associated with goods and services of another company. For instance if the London based... The use of this study is corporate governance, a broad term that encompasses many aspects as conce rns the line of credit. It may be verbalize to be the way in which any business that exists is run and conducted and includes the rules and laws by which the partners of the firms must abide which are not a choice but an obligation. Any firm constitutes stakeholders who may be the management, directors and shareholders. Within them, a relationship is simply corporate governance. It also may mean the structuring of the objectives and goals of the firm and how to achieve them. All these are aimed at creating business merger or simply a takeover. A merger occurs one firm presupposes all the liabilities and all the assets of another company. This is usually aimed at a financial gain to the acquisition firm. normally the acquiring firm retains its name while the acquired firm is eliminated and thus no longer exists as a firm or an entity. There exist many advantages of making a merger in the business world. These advantages are all directed at making financial gains. This has been prom pted by the high competition that exists in the market. Therefore, firms seek to have a bigger market shares that will definitely translate to higher profits and hence financial gains. In as much as the merging process looks and in that publication seems profitable, it has gotten disadvantages that represent the negative part of it. Therefore, such issues though few, they may never be ignored. Among them is that there may be overestimation associated with the valuation progression.

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Reflection make-up - Essay ExamplePlayers of these games become familiar with some of the outstanding issues in the urban planning profession. Professionals in this field have taken time to study the emerging games in an effort to integrate ideas from the sour cities to the real life urban planning activities. Without doubt, electronic calculator games simulating urban planning activities have gained increasing popularity and prove to be study source for both students and urban planners.After a close analysis of estimator games such as SimCity, it becomes evident that urban planning games are involving and intriguing. Notably, the release of SimCity caused increasing excitement, as players were adapted to achieve goals that real urban planners are unable to achieve. Notably, the SimCity computer games gave the player an opportunity to consider and monitor traffic to determine the levels of happiness exhibited by people and carry out monthly policy reevaluations. In addition , the computer games allowed an individual to carry out GPS tracking of different people. Other intriguing computer games allow in the Transport Tycoon, Simutrans, Rail Roal Tycoon, and Caesar. Most of these games present a player with a blank city so that the player can develop an efficient and functional system. Players control plots for development, lay down transport systems, and take a shit social amenities. Notably, some companies have advanced and developed simulation games that have a close law of similarity to the actual transportation systems. The only difference is that simulation games lack live data. In these games, players can control an entire transportation system determining whether commuters are happy or not. Some of the modern computer games illustrate historical events and integrate realism in an effort to make computer games a learning resource (Levy 45). The most interesting aspect is that urban planners take special interest in analyzing computer games that simulate real life situations.

See attachment for essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

See attachment for question - try ExampleThis paper shall now discuss the preceding statement, examining the implications of such statement for kind work practice. It shall coiffe monomania based on a technical and operational definition of the term as bequeath now be used and applied in this paper. It shall then discuss where madness originated from, focusing on the evolution of the thought processes related to the current concept and understanding of madness. This paper shall apply madness and its concepts to social work and their work with service users. It shall also cover relevant legislation. Finally, this paper shall discuss the ethics and value of social work in relation to madness. This paper is being undertaken in order to assess and guess the current subject matter and how it affects the current social work practice. It ultimately aims to ensure a more(prenominal) profound, academics, scholarly application, and evidence-based application of the subject matter.The Ca mbridge Dictionaries Online (2010) defines madness as the state of being mentally ill or unable to behave in a reasonable way. This definition is again a nonher generic wine definition of madness, one that can even easily be interchanged with the term crazy or insane. Nevertheless, the definition points out important elements about ones state of mind in this condition of madness which it relates to a state of being in an unreasonable or illogical state of mind. The mental processes and the modal(prenominal) logical thoughts of a mortal are compromised in times of madness hence, in instances when one is not logically processing ideas and thoughts, some people are prone to label such person as mad. The Encyclopedie (as cited by Foucault, 2005, p. 98) sets forth that madness means to depart from reason with confidence and in the firm condemnation that one is following it. There is a broken relationship between man and his reason and the person believes that his mind is

Healthcare proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Healthc ar - Research Proposal ExampleThe major problem is the financial make noise which has forced the authority to think ab erupt the operations of the hospital in short and in commodious harmonize.The basic objective of this study is to find out ways in which the hospital raise be in operations in short as wholesome as in long run. thither is a need to find a way out of the present prevailing problems and the study leave alone look to resolve the crisis. Developing ways or models that will make the hospital sustain and scram is in any case a significant suggest of the study.The problem is the rising health care costs for the previous(prenominal) few years and it has become a problem in the modern times as in that respect is an economical slow down or downturn. The question is how the hospital will sustain in this post with a shortfall budget for past three years. The health reform measures are found out not to be sufficient enough in solving the financial problem. I t might help to a certain extent but it cant become a full proof contributeed out plan to the recent financial problem.Previously there were sources that helped it out to certain extent. The problem of infant and also asthma fatality rate is high in the entire adjacent neighborhood and it was managed through different sources. But due to the economic downturn even these sources have been forced to cut off their expenditures and thence the hospital funding has also turned out to be in that expenditure.Even if funds are generated to solve the current daub ... But due to the economic downturn even these sources have been forced to cut off their expenditures and consequently the hospital funding has also turned out to be in that expenditure. Even if funds are generated to solve the current situation the question of future sustainability comes. For this purpose a model or progress is to be formulated to solve problem related to the financial matter of the hospital with the intention that it can serve the people for longer period of time. There are many factors such as deficit financing, allocation of funds to hospitals from the government, political influence, human resource and many more problems that are to be intercommunicate in developing an effective system with a proper financial backup plan to run smoothly the business of the hospital.It is not only to develop the strategy that will meet the financial purpose but the focus is upon the quality of the service with proper integration along with other departments and reorganizing the hospital operations to make it more effective in serving the surrounding people. ProposalThe proposal is of developing a new system or a model which will serve the financial as well as the service providing capacity in accordance to the norms set up by IOM and maintaining of the quality in guidance provided by NQF. The Organization of the Health ServicesIn any health centers, team work along with proper integration of the enti re department is essential for achieving the objectives of the health center. The integration is necessary in particular with the IT and Human Resource Department. The main objective is to provide an enhance service to everyone. Therefore

Ownership and digital downloads Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ownership and digital downloads - Essay ExampleThey cannot hold any ownership rights other than those of using it.Technology has evolved with high speed and it attracts many people especially the youths who prefer to use online downloads as opposed to tangible sources. As result, people who have produced their content such as books, music and consider are attracted to upload their content online for people to buy it and then download it. Sales are remedy online than on the stores as it is convenient, faster and accessible. The internet provides an easy method of sale notwithstanding the prices are often lower than those of purchasing a tangible content such as a book, a CD or a tape. Books, CDs and tapes carry ownership rights and can be considered the buyers property as opposed to the online write which ownership does not leave the copyright. In this case, you cannot be said to own something you cannot show or hold. Thus, the mental property belongs to the owner who produced it regardless of the rights granted to the person who downloads the content.Legally, the digital content cannot be bequeathed to other persons as gifts, selling or inheritance unlike tangible content like books which can be minded(p) out to siblings, friends or left as inheritance. For instance, if you love reading books and you have a collection of both tangible books and eBooks, you can give out your books or bequeath them in the event of your death but this will not be the case for eBooks. As such any digital content such as eBook, movies, music among other online content does not belong to you even if you have bought it and you reserve no rights over it. This includes even the paid-for digital content. Payment for the downloaded content is meant for enjoyment of privileges associated with reading, watching r listening to it and not for ownership.The copyright is protected by The Copyright Law to prevent users of their content from selling it as their own. ground and condition s are given to the subscribers of the digital content that apart

COPERATE FINANCE AND GOVERNANCE Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

COPERATE FINANCE AND GOVERNANCE - Case Study ExampleSome of the risks that are unique for much(prenominal)(prenominal) firms include foreign exchange risk, political risk as well as the unique grocery risk. This is solid out-of-pocket to the fact that Mineral Plc is an international firm having a diverse range of activities crosswise the different countries. This because increases the overall risk profile of the firm and projects that it undertake in foreign locations.This underwrite ordain provide an analysis of the proposed investment that is to be made in the Medco Republic. This report is significant due to the fact that there are multiple views within the firm that ask for a different system to invest into a country which is war torn and companies are facing significant corporate favorable responsibility issues. This report will therefore perform the net present jimmy analysis as well as other investment appraisal techniques besides controverting the corporate socia l responsibility issues that may be faced by the firm while making new investment into the country.This report will be effectively divided into two sections i.e. first section will be discussing the different findings that are universe made after performing the analysis whereas the second section of the report will discuss corporate social responsibility along with a discussion on the different risks of investing into a foreign country.AccoChapter 2 Analysis and Findings2.1. InvestmentAccording to the given data, the overall NPV and IRR are 18.79 and 34% indicating that consort to both the threshold levels, the project may be acceptable. It is important to understand that the most important criteria that is being followed when choosing a project based on the NPV is the ability of the project to deliver the positive net value for the firm as well as its shareholders. Given the weighted average cost of capital of 15%, the overall NPV is positive indicating that the project is acce ptable at this given risk level. What is also significant to name that the calculations made does not incorporate the risks that are specific to making investment into the foreign countries and as such it ignores the various risks such as political risk, foreign exchange volatility etcBased on the criteria of IRR, the quantity IRR comes to the 34% which is over and above the desired level of 25%. As a rule of throw any investment that offers IRR greater than the required rate of return shall be accepted and as such the IRR is greater than the current required rate of return hence the project shall be accepted regular(a) on this criterion also.1It is also important to understand that both NPV and IRR have their own short comings therefore they may not be relied heavily as to the most conclusive tools for making investment appraisal. What is however, significant to note that the NPV and IRR are still considered as the better measures of the project returns and thoroughly applied by the firms across the world when making investment analysis Thus based on the available methodologies of project appraisals, NPV and IRR are considered as most suitable

Promoting recovery in mental health (case study) Essay

Promoting recovery in mental health (case study) - Essay ExampleThe fantasy of psychiatric rehabilitation was introduced in mid-1970s and the model slowly evolved to absorb more than fresh air and democracy through the next decades (Pratt, gill and Barret, 2007, p.13 of the preface). A more recent learning that happened to this concept has been the notion of psychiatric recovery, which evolved in late 1980s (Deegan, 1988). Pratt, Gill and Barret (2007, p.111) have expressed the spirit of this concept by saying, the idea of recovery represents optimism ab come in the future. Recovery model in psychiatric give-and-take has been the product of the brave research work undertaken by persons who had walked through the dark alleys of mental illness, and had come out of them with a new spirit of freedom and self-determination (for e.g., Anonymous, 1989 Ralph, 2004 Unzicker, 1989 Deegan, 1988). It was based on the models of recovery from physically handicapping conditions, a number of researchers and scholars have helped to develop a concept of recovery for severe mental illness (Pratt, Gill and Barret, 2007, p.111). ... he mentally ill person is assisted to take command of his/her own situation and he/she is no more totally at the mercy of others, whether they be psychiatric victors, friends, relatives or institutions. This is the first tempo towards accepting a mentally ill person as a person having equal rights with a normal person. And this is where the recovery concept of social inclusion comes in as the most important factor. chocolate-brown (1981), Chamberlin (1984), Jacobson and Curtis (2000), and Everett (1994) have been the major theoreticians who had developed the concept of recovery into a practical psychiatric practice. The basic tenet, to which this concept owes its emergence, is the idea that kind-hearted interaction, love and mutual understanding are the core values of existence. In circle a mental illness of a person, his/her friends, famil y, neighborhood, community and the society have a responsibility to package (Ramon, Healy and Renouf, 2007). Deegan (1988) has drawn attention to the fact that the notion of recovery from mental illness is now a three-fold intervention where, the patient has to take up ones own responsibility and all the same, professional help is available for him/her to further the recovery. In particular, customer involvement has been the most important segment of the concept of recovery. This customer-first theory was an outcome of an era when mentally ill patients were victims of superstition and where they were deprived even of the basic human rights (Jacobson and Curtis, 2000). Out of this bleak situation, the mentally disabled persons gradually learned to raise their voice and to initiate a social movement (Jacobson and Curtis, 2000). The collaboration approach is also part of the recovery model. The scope of this concept includes, education,

Public international law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Public international law - Essay display caseWhether it is the con god that used to be fought between the kings during the ancient ages with traditional weapons or the current warfargon involving unfermented(a) armaments, calm is nothing more than a maxim or a dictum. In the modern age, war has surpassed the strain of physical battle and political issues and conflicts be constantly revealed by different nations across the world. To keep care of such conflicting situations, various national, international and regional organisations have been set up by various nations across the world. One of the most prominent organisations in this arena is the join Nations security department Council. Overview of the unify Nations Security Council (UNSC) The UNSC or United Nations Security Council is a body of the United Nations, which is responsible for restoration of peace across the globe and set up about 65 years ago amidst violence and total human suffering (UN Security Council Profi le, 2013). A world that was already shattered and badly ravaged by the World War II and recovering from its impact strongly aspired for global peace, found it as the great opportunity to eliminate the bane of armed conflict with the formation of UNSC. The Security Council comprises of five member states including China, France, Russia, United Kingdom and the United States that represents the Council enduringly. Alongside, these member states, the existence of non-member states intends to establish stability across different regions of globe. Accordingly, there are two non-members from Africa and Asia, two Latin African members, one and two members from East and West Europe respectively. These non-members are elected by the General Assembly for a period of two years (Edward C. Luck, 2006, P. 3-5) TheUnited Nations Security Councilis one of the six key organs of theUnited Nationsand is responsible for the maintenance of global peace and security. It has the index finger to issue ma ndatory resolutions to member states regarding the launch ofpeacekeepingoperations, the establishment ofinternational permissions and the authorization ofmilitary live up tothroughits resolutions. After World War II,the Security Councilwas foundedto address the shortcomings of the League of Nations in preserving world peace. In its early years, activities of the UNSC were largely constrained by theCold War between the US and USSR. With the breakdown of the Soviet Union, the peacekeeping work by UN increased vividly, and the Security Council approved major military and peacekeeping missions inKuwait,Namibia,Cambodia,Bosnia,Rwanda,Somalia,Sudan, andCongowith wavering amounts of success. (Shaw, 2008) Composition of the UNSC The Security Council presently consists of fifteen members, of which five are permanent and ten are non-permanent. Thegreat powersthat were thewinners of World War II, namely China, France, Russia, the UK and the US, function as the five permanent members of the UN SC. These permanent members canexercise vetopower regarding any basic Security Council resolutions, comprising those on the admission of new member states or nomination of candidates forthe position of Secretary-General. The Council also has ten non-permanent members, chosen on a regional basis to work for a term of two years. The resolutions passed by the Security Coun

Summary of global report on conflict governance and state fragility Essay

digest of global report on conflict memorial tablet and state fragility 2011 - Essay ExampleIt is value mentioning that the aspect of governance needs to be applied and developed for the purpose of settling any block out of conflict, occurring in the societal system (Marshall & Cole, 2011). Thus, these three dimensions are regarded as the major holistic approaches of the societal system. With this concern, this composing intends to provide a brief summary about the global report focused on the aspects i.e. conflict, governance and state fragility 2011. Summary One of the commonly observed matters in the global system is the rotate of conflicts in the society. The emergence of such conflicts eventually results in causing the incidents associated with political violence. The trend of the conflicts has become a continuous process in the globalization period. From the mid 1950s, the wars get been increasing in this global world, especially after the Cold War. It can be apparently viewed in this similar concern that around 21 nations of the world have experienced conflicts in the year 2011. A a couple of(prenominal) of the issues linked with the rise of the conflicts were the accompaniment of boundaries, terror of militants and also the reported cases relating to trafficking, production along with supply of drugs. One of the leading examples of those conflicts was the attack of LTTE in Sri Lanka (Marshall & Cole, 2011). ... The increased level of conflicts during the year 2011 had indicated a beginning in the form of posing unfavorable trespass upon intra-state along with inter-state wars and humanitarian operations at large. In recent times, a gradual decline in the conduct of wars in the global world reveals the reduction of problems relating to conflict by a certain tip (Marshall & Cole, 2011). Autocracy and democracy are regarded as the major forms of governance. These forms can be utilized in the alimentation of social order in a society. In this si milar concern, The Polity IV Project has pronounced the level of both these forms for each country by taking into concern the political situations that prevail in the nations. In relation to the autocratic system, the participation of the citizens is often viewed to be constrained due to various decisive factors. These factors might entail restrictions especially upon political participation, limitations in the application along with the execution of relevant guidelines or effective regulations and weaker checks imposed over executive director power. While determining the trend of governance, it can be viewed that in the year 2011, only Qatar and Saudi Arabia were rated as fully autocratic nations throughout the globe (Marshall & Cole, 2011). A few of the autocratic nations of the world such as Gabon, Togo, Syria and North Korea have implemented the succession of dynasties in executive leadership for the purpose of forestalling succession crises. On the other hand, certain nations such as Taiwan, Mexico and Senegal have move towards democracy from autocracy form. The reasons for this might be the increasing desires of various political groups towards strengthening their respective(prenominal) positions, non-maintenance of

Modern society is too dependent on technology Essay

Modern society is too dependent on applied science - quiz Example fold media which involve a great deal of technology has become part of what the new-fashioned society feeds on daily. Certainly our day today living is greatly impacted by technology. unmatchable key question that this paper seeks to respond to pertains to how dependable is technology to modern society.It is widely accepted that technology has been employed in various field for purposes of achieving efficiency. One such technology is the internet technology. It is indisputable that plug media (computer technologies, internet and phones) are the day today technologies that individuals interact with. Certainly, media technology is central to all otherwise technologies and acts as a link. This thus implies that when addressing the subject of influence of technology on the society one cannot sideline the trinity mentioned above. However, this does not disregard other technologies such as marine technology, airlines technology, and military technology alongside other technological field. On a larger scale, internet serves various functions including but not limited to businesses transactions, advertisements, amicable networking and education, among other activities. Computer technologies started gaining popularity in 1970s. Increasing popularity of mass media and related technologies (Faithi & Marun, 2010) has made these developments correlated with a changes in the behaviors and habits of the generation today. The most affected generation has been the youths whose delinquency has been increasing across the globe, because the popularity of mass media. Education action has also been made better or worsened (Kilburn, 2009) following the increased online education and social media. Mass media has been accompanied by various forms of entertainment that affect the young generation and for one to claim he or she is dancing to the tune of modernity, he or she must be seen to impress this technology. Soup Operas,

Discuss the influence of variables such as culture and gender on the Essay

dissertate the influence of variables such as last and gender on the measurement of attachment - Essay theoretical accountIt should be noted that attachment does not involve exclusively in the childhood rather, it cease be continued in adulthood - a view supported by Ainsworth (1991, in Schneider 1993, p.42). However, the form and the feature of attachment in adulthood is likely to be influenced from the part of attachment that a person has experient in his/ her childhood (Ainsworth, 1991, in Schneider, 1993, p.42). In fact, in the context of the Strange Situation experimental knead (Ainsworth et al. 1978) it has been proved that attachment is likely to be developed in the early years of human life. through the above experiment, where the attachment of infants to their mother (or caregiver) is measured, it has been proved that attachment in this period of life can bug out in 4 contrastive forms insecure-avoidant, secure, insecure-resistant and insecure disorganised (Ainswo rth et al. 1978). In any case, attachment can put one across many contrary aspects being influenced by gender and finis, as explained below. McKinsey & Claussen (2003) tried to identify the influence of culture on attachment in their study, the quality and the aspects of attachment developed between the Egyptian children and their mothers were examined through appropriately customized interviews visits in the houses of 30 families in Egypt. ... As a result, in Egypt, culture along with gender can be considered as being variables influencing the form and the development of attachment as a key atom of social life. On the other hand, Mercer (2006) has opposed the influence of culture on attachment his study is ground on the findings of the research of Mary Ainsworth in Uganda (in 1950s) in the context of the above research it was proved that no relationship exists between attachment and culture. In fact, after visiting 26 families with babies (Mercer 2006, p.41), Ainsworth came to the assumption that the level and the quality of attachment of infants in Uganda are similar to that of infants in Britain (Mercer 2006). The influence of culture on attachment is make clear in the study of Kalat (2010) in the above study it is explained that the patterns of attachment in different ethnic frameworks are similar (Kalat 2010, p.175) however differences exist in regard to the measurement of attachment in different cultures (Kalat 2010, p.175). As an example, Kalat (2010) refers to the low consistency (Kalat 2010, p.175) that characterizes the findings of the measurement of attachment of children in South Africa. In the relevant research, different findings were retrieved when a different research approach was used, a fact which, in accordance with Kalat (2010) indicates the influence of culture on the measurement of attachment. In any case, when the attachment needs to be measured it would be inevitable to use an appropriate approach aiming to control inconsistenc ies for example, the cultural adaptationism (an approach suggested by Gumperz & Humes, 1986, in Harwood, Miller & Irizarry, 1997,

Free

Free batch Blessing in Disguise EssayAntagonists of government intervention envisage a liberalized or free trading arena. duration international trade has been present throughout much of history , its economic, social, and political importance has only recently become apparent. Walter Block sees free trade as the only philosophy compatible with international rest and prosperity. Free trade involves the eradication of current trade barriers so as to encourage countries to specialize in production. Society thrives on trade simply because trade makes specialization possible. (Blinder p. 1). The basis of the free trade blood line is an economic theory known as comparative advantage and was devised by David Ricardo in the late nineteenth Century. The Ricardian model is perhaps the most important concept in international trade theory. In a Ricardian model, countries specialise in producing what they produce best. Unlike other models, the Ricardian framework predicts that countri es will specialise solely sort of of producing a broad array of goods. Ricardo argues that trade will not affect .Take for example the lieu of the Lawyer and the secretary. Some lawyers are infract typists than their secretaries. Should such a lawyer therefore fire his secretary on these grounds, and do his own typing? Not likely. Though the lawyer may be better at both typing and presenting cases, he will fare better if concentrating his energies on arguing cases and deviation the typing for his secretary. Specialization not only aids in making the economy more efficient, it to a fault leaves the lawyer and secretary with productive work to do.Nations act in much the same federal agency. Countries are verbalise to hone their skills on a particular good or service and trade with others that have make the same. Through peoples desire to acquire new skills and knowledge, coupled with the yearning for a greater range of products growing, the gripe for countries to abandon pro tectionist policies is imminent. Conclusion In conclusion protectionist policies should be abandoned in order to make way for the freer flow of goods.As discussed protectionist policies are detrimental to the overall economic success of a nation. Through such policies as subsidies, producers are less likely to better their products due to the absence of international competition. The implementation of freer trade promotes specialization of production and aids in consumers receiving better quality goods at a reduced price. In order for greater consumer choice and freedom protectionist policies should be re-evaluated.Reference ListBlinder, A 1992, Free Trade, familiarity stock certificate Inc, Princeton, USABigelow, B Peterson, B (ed.) 2002, Rethinking Globalization Teaching For Justice In An Unjust World, Rethinking Schools Press, Wisconsin, USA.Dunning, H 1993, The Globalization of Business, Routledge, LondonDunning, H 2000, Regions, Globalization and the Knowledge-Based Economy, Oxford, New YorkEconomic Planning Advisory Council 1994, Regional traffic Agreements, Australia, August 1994, background paper no. 40, Canberra.Hill, Charles W.L. 2006, Global Business Today, Mcgraw-Hill Irwin, New York.International Monetary Fund 1988, Issues and Developments in International Trade Policy, December 1988, Occasional Paper no. 63, Washington.

Advantages and disadvantages of internet Essay Example for Free

Advantages and disadvantages of internet EssayNowadays internet is the most common form of communication. It is a worldwide connection of computer systems over a extensive network. There are certain advantages and disadvantages to the Internet. First of all internet has made communication very simple, mild and convenient. It is possible to stay in touch with people that you hardly ever see. Moreover internet is a source of knowledge. Anyone could simply open internet and get many information ab off anything. In another(prenominal) words it is a small encyclopedia about everything in the universe. Nothing online is trustworthy. Websites that are supposed to be trusted and are supposed to be reliable are not full of reliable information. still major websites that are run by big and trusted companies are using writing firms to keep their websites and the writing firms are simply hiring the cheapest freelancers to do their work for them. It is true that the Internet has made it easier to find out basic facts such as the location of places, but even that information is commonly incorrect. Also nigh people use the Internet too much and forgot real life refer. It may now be easier to keep in contact with people you know, but it has removed any incentive to visit people. In other words it can be addictive and a waste of time and even money. cardinal angles have been compared in both a positive and negative light. Internet can be effective and dangerous at the same time. In my opinion, Treat the information you read online with a high phase of skepticism and you will be alright. It is also a good idea to use the Internet in order to stay in contact with people, as it is easy and convenient. However, do not allow online contact to start replacing physical contact. It is important to strike a balance between the two.

Describe The Factors To Consider Essay Example for Free

expose The Factors To Consider EssayThere are a number of factors to consider when promoting effective communication. When using oral communication with patients it is pregnant to speak looking at them, speaking slowly and clearly and using round-eyed language,. It is fundamental to note that when working with patients with learning disabilities we have made sure they have understood what I have said. When speaking with colleagues or professionals the language I use can be more entangled and often I will speak faster however most factors remain the same, it is still important that information given verbally is clear and concise. An example of this is when this is when I have mentored new staff I make sure I talk over everything slowly and clearly and I also pay off then to repeat some of that information back to immortalize they have understood. Verbally communicating in this way will differ dependant on weather I am talking on a one to one basis or to a group. If I am t alking to a group I must remember to address everyone and not exclude anyone.When using non-verbal communication on that point are many different factors to consider. For example, if I am slummed back in a chair, it may show that I am not interested in the conversation. Eye contact is also very important as this can show that I am engaged in the conversation, other things to consider would be hand gestures, body language and facial expressions, for example, if I frown or have my arms folded I may give a negative impression. Finally it is important to remember that for effective communication to get a line place it involves both parties to be engaged. Being able to listen well is vital in a two way conversations.

Explain the theory of Virtue Ethics Essay Example for Free

apologize the theory of chastity morality EssayAristotle originally introduced virtue Ethics to society in superannuated Greek times. Virtue Ethics tells us that we should look at the character of the psyche instead of the actions or duties a person performs. Instead of concentrating on what is the right thing to do, virtue ethics asks how you can be a better person. Aristotle claims that leading a virtuous life is easy, and those who do, do so to be happy. felicity is the ultimate goal for everyone in life. To become a better person, you mustiness come virtuous acts regularly. subsequently a while, these acts will become routine and so the virtuous acts will be nothing more than everyday life and the person a virtuous person. Aristotle express that although virtues should become a habit we must never forget that we be devote in such a management because it is right. For sample, if a singer practices apprisal everyday, they will become better at it and used to doing it. This is the same as plurality who practice their virtues and curtly automatically act in the right modal value, by practicing our skills we improve them, becoming happier. Virtues should not be an effort, and simply a part of everyones personality. Aristotle says that virtue is something that we acquire and be not just born with, people are not inherently good or no-account, just now become good or bad according to the habits they develop.Aristotle said that a virtue was a Golden Mean in between to vices. These Vices are two extremes of a scale at opposite ends, one of excess and one of deficiency. For example the vices would be shamelessness and shyness, and the virtue modesty. Another example of this would be rudeness and a sense of humour as the two vices and the virtue as wittiness. Such virtues must be cultivated, we must learn when to use original virtues and to what extent, for example we must not ever use humour in excess to act wish a fool, but at the same time we must as well not pass into rudeness. two philosophers, Anscombe and MacIntyre say that on that point has been a mistake in how virtues have been portrayed. The majority of people look at the actions a person does to judge whether they are virtuous or not. The way in which we behave provides an probability for others to judge our virtues and vices. This however is not right. People should look at the character within andlook at what the person believes is right and how they think they should armed service people instead of what they do to help. A famous example of a virtuous person is Mother Theresa. She helped millions of suffering people across the world and for this became well cognise as a virtuous person. There are hundreds of other virtuous people who would have desire to have helped but were unable to do so in such a huge way who are not considered as virtuous, but these people are just as virtuous but not recognised for it.Aristotle tells us that we are most alike(p )ly to learn virtuous behaviour from watching others. If we experience others being kind to us and see the happiness it creates we are more likely to practice it hence if we were just told to do it. For example, if we were told to be courageous we may occasionally stand up for little things that we disagree with, but if we see someone telling others off for not doing the right thing then we are more likely to not allow bad behaviour towards ourselves. Aristotle said that the best way of becoming virtuous was to follow in the footsteps of a virtuous person, e.g. Mother Theresa and do what they do.Virtue Ethics is relative Aristotle recognised that virtues in one country may not be the same as virtues in another. He believed that there was no absolute platonic good beyond our world. As virtues have evolved through habits of society it is probable that different societies would deem different actions good or bad. However there is no difference between the virtues of a community and individuals within that community, the sovereign happiness that Aristotle talks somewhat is one for the community, and not just and individual. MacIntyre suggests that philosophy is too far removed from ordinary life and said that it is not good enough that philosophers spend their time debating the nature of ethical language or forming reason theories of morality in a way that is far removed from real people and real life. all(prenominal) actions are done in order to reach an aim. A successive series of actions are also for an aim, for example getting up in to morning to go to work, is to make money, is to feed our families is to go on nice holidays is to but them nice things etc. all ultimate aims is to make people happy, everything is subordinate to the supreme good, which is happiness. Everyone hasdifferent ideas of what happiness is and different things all make different people happy, and Aristotle called this feeling of all around well being eudemonia.Therefore, Virtue Eth ics concentrates on what a person is then what a person does. Its aim is to achieve something, which people genuinely want rather then being based on arguably incoherent ideas about the after-life. It is a system, which can be easily use and understood by all. It fits into a variety of philosophies, and religions, which both do and dont include God. However, there are a few problems with Virtue Ethics. Ones of these which has been pointed out by MacIntyre is that although a virtue is the golden mean between two vices it cannot be applied to all virtues.Virtues such as promise keeping, loyalty, and compassion do not fall between every two vices and so Aristotles theory of this does not really work. Another problem with this theory is that it is of little help to people faced with a moral dilemma. It does not help them make a decision like other theories such a natural law or utilitarianism.

The police on Black Friday Essay Example for Free

The police on Black Friday EssayHow far do book of accompanimentss 11 and 12 scrap the view presented in cum 10 about the conduct of the police on Black Friday?Emily Davison was a woman who fought for womans suffrage in the late 1800s and early 1900s. She died on the 8th of June, 1913 after she ran in motility of King George Vs horse Anmer at the Epsom Derby on 4 June 1913. Some people believe that this subject caused a major breakthrough in later womens suffrage.Firstly, source 10, (The Times Newspaper) shows a rather prejudicial view on Emily Davisons actions. For example, the newspaper instantly assumes that the desperate act of Davison was achieved only to spoil the race. The Times wrote this because they were a very right winged paper and did non completely support womens suffrage and gender equality. On the other hand, if the Davison was a man, the newspaper would not be so quick to assume that his actions were for a untroubled cause and would probably be more sym pathetic for his injuries. Within the same article Davison is set forth as an offender. This was most in all likelihood due to the fact that when this article was written, Davison had not yet died from her injuries. Therefore, The Times and the majority of its readers would not have much sympathy to her, but instead would see her as merely a nuisance.When compared, source 10 and 12 share a rather contrasting idea on the doings of Emily Davison considering twain the articles are written by The Times. In source 10 Davison is described as desperate and as an offender. However, 10 days later (after the stopping point of Davison), the tone of the newspaper completely changes, (source 12). Instead of being insulted and described negatively, Davisons actions are described as heroic. This change in view was purposely done due to the fact that Davison had recently died and many people saw her death as an important issue The Times had to hang on their readers happy and show sympathy for such a sacrifice.Source 11 pretty much displays a complete opposite view of Emily Davisons death compared to source 10. This is because Christabel Pankhurst was a fellow campaigner for womans suffrage in the Womens Social and PoliticalUnion, (source 11 is an extract from Pankhursts autobiography, Unshackled). Pankhurst gives a much more positive and most likely biased view on the actions of Davison. For example, Pankhurst makes it seem as if Davison was the whole reason why women were seen as dear(p) for the voting. She also states that Davisons death brought the concentrated attention of millions to bear upon the cause.These two points were likely to be exaggerated as there was a good chance that Davison and Pankhurst were close because they both fought for the same cause. In contrast to source 11, source 10 states that Davisons deed is not likely to increase the popularity of any cause within the full general public. This is pretty much the exact opposite of what Pankhurst was implying in her autobiography which makes it clear that source 11 and 10 both challenge one another highly with two slightly biased and altered stories of Emily Davisons protest.Overall, Emily Davisons death obviously had quite a large impact on womens suffrage within the UK as the vote was given to women in 1918 5 years after her death.

Two Examples of Environmental Impact Assessments Essay Example for Free

Two Examples of Environmental Impact Assessments EssayThe cities of Baku, Azerbaijan and capital of Jamaica, Ontario Canada are worlds apart, both geographically and culturally. They share at least matchless characteristic the need for water. Like every other urban center on earth, they scram built systems to accommodate their postulate for water, electricity, and all the other necessities of new-fangled life. Each city also has environmental problems that go hand in hand with urban habitation. The two Environmental Impact Assessments are examples of the challenges engineers and city planners face everyday to minimize the adverse effects on the ecosystem. Both cities, like all modern cities, are locked in a perpetual struggle to find a balance between the needs of the environment and the needs of the city. Wastewater sermon In Baku, Azerbaijan Azerbaijan is a small country in im portholeant Asia on the Caspian Sea. Russia lies to the north. Georgia is to the northwest, Arm enia is to the west, and Iran is on its southern border. The capitol of Azerbaijan is Baku and is also its largest city. Located on the Absheron peninsula, it is home to closely 2 million people.The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on the planet and Baku is its largest port . Azerbaijan is rich in petroleum products and oil drilling has polluted Baku and the Caspian Sea. The Hovsan Wastewater Treatment lay down is another source of pollution to Baku and the Caspian Sea. The treatment plant handles almost half of the capitols wastewater. The wastewater is barely partially treated and then dumped into the Caspian Sea via pipeline. The result has made most of the beaches around Baku unusable.The body politic surrounding the treatment plant inland is also unpleasant because of the odor. In the past, recreation along the ocean shore was the most popular recreation for the public and tourists. Today, many are surprised to hear this occurrence because the bay is so po lluted from sewage(Gischler, 2000, p. 41). There is a project proposed to alleviate the shoreline pollution. The plan is to extend the duration of the pipeline farther out into the Caspian so the trues will disperse and diffuse the effluent material into the ocean and away from the beaches.The current system is so inadequate because of years of neglect that it can only rely to just catch up to its current needs in a few years time. The pull of the longer pipeline will cause some negative effects, but they pale in comparability to the present state of the littoral around Baku. Table 1 outlines the environmental stupor projected from the structure of the pipeline. The construction of the outfall is still in the cooking stages, but it is expected to start in 2011. Water Treatment In capital of Jamaica, OntarioThe expansion of the Point Pleasant Treatment gear up in Kingston, Ontario is the focus of this half of the paper. Kingston shares with Baku the distinction of being on the shore of one of the largest inland bodies of water, Lake Ontario. Kingston is located in the province of Ontario in Eastern Canada. To the west is Manitoba, east is Quebec, north is Hudson Bay, and Lake Ontario is to the south.. The Point Pleasant Treatment Plant is a direct filtration facility that supplies the 118,000 people of Kingston with drinking water.The water is drawn from Lake Ontario and goes through a series of filters and chemical treatments before being piped into the main water supply. The Point Pleasant project proposes to recur the water pumped in and treated from 40 MLD (mega litres per day) to 80 MLD. The enlarge is needed for the projected increase in population and expected changes in regulatory standards for drinking water purity. The EIA for the plants upgrade identifies the surrounding vegetation and trees as being vulnerable to harm from construction activities during the plants renovation.The Butternut tree is specified in the motif as a major concern b ecause it is already an endangered species. Other issues are the pollution of the setting water and soil erosion. Table 2 outlines the environmental impact from the upgrade of the facility. Kingstons treatment plants upgrade is one that shows the existing system is sound because it is for projected future use and not just getting the current system up to par. The many years of investments and planning regarding the water infrastructure have paid withdraw so they do not have to catch up just to make the system dish up nominally.A strong infrastructure can mean less damage to the environment. Conclusion Environmental impact from city living is inevitable, but it can be minimized. It requires a firm commitment to good planning and major investments in clean technologies. Comparing the upgrade of the water treatment plant in Kingston and the plant in Baku illustrate the differences in the conditions of each citys water systems. Laws defend the environment veer from country to count ry and it is evident that Azerbaijan had few such laws. Canada has much more stringent environmental testimonial laws than Azerbaijan.Although Kingston has a much smaller population, the larger cities of Canada have done fairly well protecting the environment. Unfortunately, a countrys wealth dictates the priority that can be given to environmental protection. Lower standards for the construction and maintainence of urban infrastructure increases the chances of environmental degradation. References Azerbaijan. (2010). In cyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 23, 2010, from encyclopaedia Britannica Online Library Edition http//www. library. eb. com/eb/article-44298 Baku. (2010). In Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved May 23, 2010, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online Library Edition http//www. library. eb. com/eb/article-9011883 Gischler, Maarten A (2000, summer) Beautifying the Bay Azerbaijan International, 8(2), 40-42 Kingston. (2010). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 23, 20 10, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online Library Edition http//www. library. eb. com/eb/article-9045553 Townsend, Mike. (2002, July). BETWEEN TWO SEAS Progress on the BTC Pipeline Project. Azerbaijan International, 10(3), 90. http//ezproxy. spl. org2048/loginurl=http//proquest. umi. com/pqdweb

United States Reform Movements Essay Example for Free

United States Reform Movements EssayIn the age following the Second Great Awakening of the United States, numerous reform factions began to spring up close to the country, fueled by recent evangelical ideals. Seeking to improve and expand democratic ideals, umteen of these factions undertook drastic measures to achieve what they believed to be a proper aspiration. Nevertheless, it would be farfetched to claim that such reform movements indoors the US resulted in any positive outcomes, and it would be much more logical to claim that many of the so-called reformers were in fact trying to further their own ambitions. By keeping penitentiary, church, and alcohol reforms as a pretense for egotistical purposes, they were able to attract an elite following of concourse that that acted with virtues that were anything solely democratic.On of the stolon reform movements to become advocated was the penitentiary system. It had become a brutal institution, becoming known for likewise cruel punishments for criminal offenses. Extreme cases include imprisonment for insignificant amounts of debt, and asylums were common practices for what was believed to be insanity, following gallant practices. The Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, in 1829, reported that they were proud to have rescued the youthful from lure and turning them into valuable members of society.Yet by allowing the Society, and other institutions like it, to determine which of the youths were undisciplined and under the enamour of temptation, the United States government was effectively allowing these organizations to diminish democracy. When these institutions were allowed to decide who was or was not orderly, power shifted away from the people and into their hands.A similar transfer of control occurred during the Second Great Awakening, when a fresh wave of spectral fervor empowered numerous factions of the church. By gaining control over a culture dedicated to a religion, the c hurch managed to dictate an entire society towards its own values. Charles G. Finney, in 1843 remarked that all sorts of abandoned characters are wake and converted by the church, failing to mention whether or not any of the profligates actually wished to be converted. By forcing infidels to follow their ethics, supporters of the church had secured themselves within a throne of power, with the ability to enforce what they believed wasmoral, desecrating the principles of free speech and democracy. Samuel international Morse code commented that emigrants were selected not for their affinity to liberty, but for their mental servitude when coming into the country. The church had begun to demolish Naturalization Laws, one of the first benefits of the democracy of the United States, under the flag of the nativists (those who wished to favor the natural inhabitants of the United States). By controlling who may or may not immigrate to the US, nativists had begun to gain a dangerous amount of power, not by means of democracy, but abnormally favoring selection.The same approach towards atypical persons was present within the movement against alcohol as there was within the nativists, for both wished to rid the United States of what they believed to be crimes against their people. The Temperance Movement was as a milder offspring of the teetotalism movement, which promoted a complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages. Common belief with teetotal persons included an abhorrent view of alcohol, promoting notions that even a single drink of alcohol can and will path to brawls, poverty, crime, and ultimately death or suicide. Even the less extreme Temperance movement had attempted to complete the peoples consumption of the wretched Demon Drink. Soon, laws were being created to enforce such views, with the Maine Law of 1851 standing out amongst them, prohibiting the compose and sale of liquor. Even though such a law was fueled by optimistic virtues, it was anything but democratic, enforcing one groups ideals onto an entire population without their consent.Attempting to force reform onto a people without their consent and condemning yesteryear principles for the sole reason of rash modification can not result in hopes for a impertinent social order, as some movements may wish. During an address to Wesleyan College, Orestes Brownson proposed that Quack Reformers were disowning the past and promoting an altogether new social order. Of course, no good could possibly come from this, since it had taken numerous years to rope up the securities that were in place, defending the democratic practices of the people of the United States. Reform should be focused almost preserving values that are known to be sound and stable, not the upheaval of a society to the continent cause of altering a single trivial value. DrasticReform can only jazz to ultimate destruction of democracy and leads to a rule by a chosen elite if not carefully monitored.

Overfishing and it Effects to the Environment Essay Example for Free

Over seek and it Effects to the Environment EssayFor the go a focusing 10 years, the world had been aw ar of the variant changes which had been occurring within our environment. It is known to us that the military actions which our ancestors had d unrivalled in the fore bypast have now caused us many problems much(prenominal)(prenominal) as global disasters that could truly ruin the upcoming of the next generation. In the event of the problem of climate change (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005), various things had come up such as pollution of the air and various water resources. Due to this, different aspect of the environment is deeply affected and manytimes devastated because of the scenarios present.For many people who live in a place where in fishing is their master(prenominal) industry, it is immediately decl atomic number 18d that their primary source of income is directly affected by the harsh conditions of the changing weather brought by climate change. Al though it is true the climate change is affecting the waters which is one of the main source of our resources, it could non be hidden that the individuals who atomic number 18 directly involved in the industry are besides to be blamed to the catastrophe in the water industry. In the waters, one of the main problems which are faced by the industries is the lessening of the fishes in the see.One of the main culprits of this issue is the all over fishing of various fishermen who are connected to the huge companies. Over fishing had been a main concern for various non-governmental organizations such that of the Green Peace. It was said by the respectful environmental group that over-exploitation and mismanagement of fisheries has already led to some spectacular fisheries collapses. The drive fishery off Newfoundland, Canada collapsed in 1992, leading to the loss of some 40,000 jobs in the industry. The cod stocks in the North Sea and Baltic Sea are now heading the same way and are close to complete collapse (Green Peace, 2008).Even before human worlds have discovered unsanded technologies, it is known that fishes are the main source of food for many. Based on various historical books such as the Bible, fish was the main commodity for the people in pose for them to eat. As years gone by, more and more people are inclined to get more fish in order for them to gain income to provide their families. Various innovations and technological advancements were also used to increase the number of catch collectable to the increasing number of necessity for fish.Based on the studies made by the Green Peace and their team up of scientists it was stated that overfishing truly is causing a grave danger for the naval life and diversity of our oceans. near of the fishermen who have the potentiality to catch overflowing fish are those that utilize nets which are not worthy to legally catch fish. Many of the fishermen use nets which has smaller holes which do not all ow the smaller fishes to escape. This caseful of scenario happens near of the time, thitherfore the young fishes were not given a chance to grow and be ripen enough to be caught.Through the Young Peoples Trust for the Environment, types of events happen due to commercial fishing. There are various techniques that are done by fishermen in order for them to capture various kinds of fishes. There are fishes which are called pelagic meaning they live within the upper parts of the water making them the most accessible fishes to be caught by fishing nets which are connected to the gigantic ships that fishermen use. It is stated that, net suspend from floats is stretched between two boats so that fish swim into it.Fish are unable to swim backwards, so once they are caught in the net, there is no escape unless they are small enough to sufficient through the nets mesh (Young Peoples Trust for the Environment, 2008). Other fishes that are in the deeper level of the sea are caught differen tly. There is also a big net placed below the boat which then gets everything that it captures along the way. The marine resources that I catch were not only fish exclusively also the coral reefs, the schools and other organisms which are not supposed to be captured during the act of fishing.Such action is not only disastrous for the young fishes only also the organisms within the environment because they are also being displaced and even killed when there are commercial ships around. (n. p. ) In order to mitigate the problem of over fishing different agencies have created ways in order for them to fully destabilize the problem which is being caused by over fishing. One of the main agencies are the United Nations in which launched various types of programs and amendments to protect the marine resources all over the world as well as protect the marine resources that our world soon have.In 1995, an article was written about the treaty in which was proposed under(a) the United Na tions which addresses the problem in over fishing. It states that the treaty should be approved by 185 countries which then be ratified by 30 countries in order for the treaty to be fully taken into place. In addition, another program which had been under the United Nations is the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (Government of Canada, 2006). However, Green Peace and manhood Wildlife Fund had expressed that this treaty would not directly answer the problems of over fishing.In fact, Matthew Gianni had stated that there is a great possibleness that yearly there exit be new innovations of boats which will be able to detect fish which then result to much more damage to our marine resources (Crossette, 1995). With such article, it directly states that these planetary organizations does not trust that a plain agreement with various countries thus they suggests more than just an agreement but a full arrangement and limitation of the types of vessels which should be driveable to be able to catch enough fish.In addition, fishes which will be caught will be enough in size and maturity which will then leave the small fishes to be fully grown and create another generation of fishes. The World Wildlife Fund have done their own actions in order for help create a sustainable fishing for the future generation. They have noted various types of steps in which they called Fisheries Partnership Agreements which listed these various ecumenic actions to fully attain sustainable fishing respect sustainable fishing levels account for environmental cost protect local fishers include compliance with flag state laws are based on dress hat practice fisheries management include cooperation on research and monitoring ensure adequate monitoring and enforcement capacity ensure fairer sharing of economic benefits between producer and extractor nations (World Wildlife Fund, 2008) In conclusion, many of our worlds resources had now been gone and are still being abused by variou s types of industries due to the demand of resources the global economy has.But then, we should remember that we must learn how to conserve our natural resources so that there would not be scarce resources for the future. Like the World Wildlife Fund and the Green Peace have stated, it is not enough the there will be treaties and agreements under these types of issues. It is still important that the mitigation process should be continuously checked in order to incur changes for the environment, the amount of resources as well as to absolute the lives of the future generation.The continuous efforts of the international community, through the help of various countries as well as the international organization will lead to a prosperous and much more peaceful fellowship with one another. On the other hand, the issue of climate change must also be resolved for the reason that it also affects the issue regarding overfishing and lessening of the resources available for various marine indu stries. Although there are issues like this, it should be taken into mind that the responsibility is not only through organizations but also through an laissez-faire(a) perspective.

Blood Sports (Debate) Essay Example for Free

Blood Sports (Debate) EssayBlood period of plays should not be banned whatever problems on that intend ar with the sport can be opinionated with reforms. The World Health Organization has c eached for tighter regulation, including Simple rules, much(prenominal) as requiring medical clearance, national passports to prevent players from fighting under more(prenominal) than wizard name, restricting fights for fixed periods after knockouts, requiring that ringside physicians be paid by the state and not the promoter, and making sure that the players atomic number 18 aware of the potential long-term consequence of blood sports, may help protect them to some degree. The Australian Medical Association additionally recom handsds that media coverage should be subject to control codes similar to those which apply to television system screening of violence. Finally, the World Medical Association suggests that all matches should subscribe to a ring physician authorise to stop the fight at any time. It has been reported that no safety regulations would be effective if go blows remain however such authors incorrectly apportion blame on boxing for a congregation of illnesss known as Parkinsons syndrome.Blood sports can result in chronic traumatic neurologic conditions if fighters are not well matched, and fight without regulations in regard to their exposure. Boxing cannot cause Parkinsons disease or other conditions such as Alzheimers disease as those are genetic conditions so to include them together as one set of conditions is incorrect and misleading. About 80% of deaths are caused by head, brain, and neck injuries, so the removal of the head as a scoring region may confuse a huge difference to the injury outcomes for this sport.However it would also change the very nature of the sport and may mean battalion wont participate in it. Ultimately, governments should do what they can to dumbfound blood sports as safe as possible, without losing the ess ence of the sport or banning it entirely. - (Banning blood sports would tweet people to channel their aggression into more harmful, violent activities) There is no conclusive scientific certify linking increased contact sport participation with being more violent in social settings. such statements make it sound as thought we would have not violence in society if all contact sport was removed and we all know that is untrue. Blood sports isnt al around violent aggression, it is about controlled aggression this is very different to violent behaviors. In a report on violent sports in schools, conducted by the Lance Armstrong Foundation, a martial-arts instructor explained, Contact and combat sports allow students to deal with their aggression in a safe environment, preferably than in the context of the classroom or school hallway.This type of sack is not only important for youth, but for adults as well. Jason Brick said, Positive Views on Violence In Sports, racy strong, Januar y 7, 2011, accessed July 13, 2011, With /proposition (The Effect of blood sports on the viewers) Blood Sports have been around for decades. Viewing violence primarily triggers or serves in the increase of aggression of an individual. Sports such as wrestling (smack down) and Ultimate Fighter challenger (UFC) are bloody sports and have mostly negative effects on those who watch them.The objective of these twain sports is to beat an individual into unconsciousness, make them tap out by inflicting pain, if none of these is accomplished within a time frame, the match is to be stopped and the judges decide who wins. Many children, teenagers, and even adults tend to endeavour and imitate a knock out or combos that were seen performed at one of these fights onto an individual in an errant environment whether it is their sibling, friend, coworker, or a stranger for different reasons that includes but is not limited to a misconceive or horse playing.Watching this sport leaves the viewe r psychologically aggressive. For example, if someone watches a match and gets into a fight with another person later on, that person is more likely to use a technique he saw during the fight, and since there is no referee to stop the fight in case of suffocation or tap-out, the victim is more likely to bleed, pass out or even dies. During the 1980s, dickens men were in a bar discussing the Marvin Haggler and Sugar Ray Leonard fight that had occurred several days before, and in the fulfil on trying to show exactly how one of the punch landed, both men went outside, drawing a crowd with them.The demonstration turned tragic when one of the men landed a punch to the tattle of the other, and such was the power of the blow, that the victim fell, hit his head on the pavement and started to bleed, and had to be buried a few weeks later. Seeing and permitting violence to be seen makes it seem normal and legal when in fact it is not normal and it is ugly, but here is where lies another problem which is called desensitization.Many years ago when a horrible scene was about to be portrayed on your television set, there would first appear a window saying the images that you are about to see might injure the sensibility of certain people or words to that effect. Well, have you noticed that now they no longer even bother delineation display that little window? Its as if the media know that human kind are used to everything by now. That slide fastener is going to affect them that much. So what does this show?It shows that us human beings are getting desensitized to everything and when that happens it also heart that we dont get so emotional about anything anymore and so consequently dont fight any more either in order to strive for a change. We have all come to a point where nothing moves us that much anymore. (Pain and Injury as the Price of blood sports) Many people commend about sports in a paradoxical way They accept violence in sports, but the injuries caused b y that violence make them uneasy.They seem to want violence without consequences like the ?ctionalized violence they see in the media and video games in which characters engage in persistentity without being seriously or permanently injured. However, blood sports are real, and it causes real pain, injury, disability, and even death (Dater, 2005 Farber, 2004 Leahy, 2008 Rice, 2005 Smith, 2005b Young, 2004a). Ron Rice, an NFL player whose career ended when he tackled an opponent, discusses the real consequences of blood sports. The brutal body contact of the tackle left him temporarily paralyzed and permanently disabled. He remembers that before I hit the ground, I knew my career was over. . . . My body froze.I was like a tree that had been cut down, teetering, and so crashing, unable to break my fall. Research on pain and injury among athletes helps us understand that blood sports have real consequences. Studies indicate that professional sports involving brutal body contact and b orderline violence are among the most dangerous workplaces in the occupational world. The same could be said about high-pro? le power and exploit intercollegiate sports in which 80 percent of male and female athletes sustain at least one serious injury while playing their sports and nearly 70 percent are disabled for two or more weeks.Research shows a close connection between dominant ideas about maleness and the high rate of injuries in many sports. Ironically, some power and performance sports are organized so that players feel that their manhood is up for grabs. Men who de? ne masculinity in terms of physically autocratic others often use violence in sports as an expression of this code of manhood. Until they critically examine issues colligate to gender and the organization of their sports, they will mistakenly de? ne violence as a source of rewards rather than a source of chronic pain and disabilities that constrain and threaten their lives.

Herbal Products for personal casre Essay Example for Free

Herbal Products for personal casre EssayAromatherapy is complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) technique in which various ingrained oils (including essences and extracts) derived from plants, flowers, fruits, leaves, herbs, stems, shrubs or trees atomic number 18 use to promote healing of the carcass, mind and the spirit, and to encourage wellness and well-being of the individual. Aromatic oils eat up been utilized in healthcare since ancient times by the Egyptian civilization and the Arabs. Modern aromatherapy was given special interest in France.The French found that oils had several anti-septic properties and therefrom could be utilized to rationalize infections. Some of the physicians in France administer inherent oils. Certain guidelines mentioned in the aromatogram military service the physician to decide which essential oil has to be utilized. The patients sample of tissues or body fluids is cultured in the laboratory. Different essential oils are added to the growing cultures. The specific essential oil that inhibits reaping of the microorganisms is identified and utilized.Essential oils are substances similar to hormones (or chemical messengers) present in the body, that play an important utilization between cells. It contains about 200 to 3000 different compounds. Studies suggest that they can play a role against cancer, and have other effects such(prenominal)(prenominal) as stimulation (lime), calming (lavender), analgesic (clove), anti-spasmodic and cough suppressant (lavender). On the skin, it seems to have an antiseptic (tea tree), astringent (lemon grass), protectants (sandal wood), stimulant (rose) and cooling (Chamomile) effect.Aromatherapy can be administered in several forms such as skin or external applications (including cosmetic use and applications over the hair), inhalation, and internal consumption. External applications of essential oils involve applying the agents on the skin through with(predicate) baths, mass ages, friction, compresses, cosmetic use (in the form of creams, m trains, compresses, lotions, ointments, etc), hair applications, etc. such applications help in relaxation, stimulating the skin and make the individual feel more energetic and lively.several(prenominal) toxic substances and metabolic wastes present on the skin are inactivated and destroyed. It also helps to reduce body aches and reduce swellings. Rarely (5% of the cases), the individual may develop inflammatory disorders of the skin (such as dermatitis), and experience symptoms such as irritation, rashes, pruritis, etc. In such circumstances, the treatment should be discontinued. Internal consumption of essential oils may be required to treat several disorders involving the internal organs (such as the digestive tract).However, some of these oils may ill-use the liver. Hence, they have to be administered strictly by a physician, and the patients condition should be monitored. The essential oil can also be administ ered utilizing a diffuser or nebulizer (through inhalation). The oils can be utilized to treat several breathing or lung disorders, and to improve mood. The molecules of the essential oils can enter the body through the nose, gain access through the lungs, from where it can diffuse into the bloodstream.It can remain in the blood for 30 minutes to several days. Sprays are also available which provide effect for a short period. Aromatherapy has emerged as a separate branch of science and profession because of the huge benefits. Lavender may increase whiz wave functions related with relaxation and stress-release (Balac, 1992). Chronic smokers felt a reduced urge to consume baccy with aromatherapy (Rose Behm, 1994). The quality of life in individuals with cancer and anxiety improved subsequently being administered Chamomile (Wilkinson, 1995).Stevenson (1994) demonstrate that heart patients requiring surgery felt better when their feet were being massaged with neroli oil. Post-opera tive patients had reduced nausea and needed fewer painkillers after inhaling peppermint oil (Tate, 1997). In fact aromatherapy can be utilized to treat several conditions such as infections (such as Herpes Zoster Virus, Herpes Simplex Infections, etc), arthritis, skin disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, sleeplessness, anxiety, distress, anticancer therapy problems, anorexia, body aches, etc.Any individual can learn about aromatherapy by reading books, attending seminars or going to school that train in aromatherapy. The National Association of Holistic Aroma-therapists (NAHA) is setting up standards for prominent licenses and administering training. The individual who wants to become an aroma-therapist should have a good knowledge and practice of chemistry, botany, human physiology, etc. The aroma-therapist is accountable for administering treatment sessions on the patients such as massages.During the patients first session, he/she will ask the questions to get a detailed outloo k of the past and present medical history. According to the patients complaint and the diagnosis of the condition, he/she will prepare essential oils using different individual components. The massages are similar to the Swedish and the Sports methods. The aroma-therapist also gives complete details of the procedure to the patient, advices about any precautionary measures to be taken and educates the patient about the benefits and risks of the procedure.

Batch Reactor Is Widely Used In The Chemical Mechanics Essay

Batch Reactor Is Widely employmentd In The Chemical Mechanics EssayA batch nuclear nuclear reactor is widely used in the chemical substance substance and treat industry to perform some(prenominal) operations such as providing an environment of chemical reactions, crystallization, harvest-tide mixing, dissolution of solids, polymerization, liquid to liquid line of descent as substantially as batch distillation. The equipment comprises of tank that has an integrated heating and cooling arrangement as well as an fomenter. The main advantages of using a batch whole is it ability to perform conglomerate function with come on the need to change or break containment. Toxic and highly potent compounds ass be processed in the batch unit. Part oneQuestion 1 a) Explain why you would project this batch chemical reactor as a whole shebang unit.According to the definition of a chemical kit and boodle, a jell is comprised of several units that be interconnected by shriek. Materials m ove in and out of these units. These materials or fresh materials are converted into different products. In this example, the batch reactor is a separate unit of the purposet which processes the cutting materials introduced before supplying them to the cartridge extractor administration. This batch reactor is in any case the principle chemical converter in this plant. b) Explain your reasons for concluding that this unit is critical for give outThis unit is critical for the takings in this process because It prepares and processes the raw materials by heating them to the prescribed temperature and similarly providing the aimd atmospheric pressure for the process.It hold backs broad utilization of the centrifuge unit this is because it produces more than the centrifuge can process. the batch unit produces 18 (te) of product The batch unit is the principle raw material processor in this process, it receives raw materials, process them to lie with products, thereafter, t hese materials are sorted out by the centrifuge. There is no other unit for processing materials in this plant unit. The batch unit temporary stores the materials before they are banquet to the centrifuge system. b) Extract all(prenominal) user requirements for this designated unit from the plant description. Are there any production windows?The main user cultivation is The vessel consist of a summited agitated glass lined vessel, heated to a certain temperature and pressure and consist of a thermocouple, a temperature alarm and has a synthetic rubber relief valve The equipment list is as well as provided to the plant engineer with information about the different components installed on the plant. The drawing of the batch unit also shows the plant engineer the layout of the different components in the reactor. Jacket safety valve, temperature pocket, temperature withstandler, steam trap, agitator and the pipe work. The batch reactor process is also described so that the user or the operator can clearly clear how the processes are carried out, for example the batch unit starts when 18 (te) of raw materials are introduced to the reactor, the content are heated through to a preset temperature/ cadence profile that takes 10 hours the products are then feed to the centrifuge system. This explanation helps the user or the plant operator understand its operation. d) Extract any embodied requirements for this unit from the plant descriptionSome of the corporate requirements for this unit obtained from the text are The equipment is shutd profess for 16 hours during the 40th week of apiece year. The production of the batch reactor is also indicated, that is the manufacturing unit makes 13,000 te of tidy sum pharmaceutical product within a given yearThe information provided for the batch reactor jacket is also vital to the corporate use. This information is the jacket is a registered steam receiver and also has a safety relief valve The attach to guidelines state that reactors should be maintained to archive 25 years and flip boxes should be maintained to give 15 years bearing. e) Extract any legislative requirements for this unit from the plant description.The legal requirements include The procedure for controlling guardianship activities moldiness conform to the environment standard ISO14000. The manufacturing process must be licensed by FDA and the British pharmaceutical product. The manufacturing activities must comply with GMP (good manufacturing practice) and the process must be to the quality standard ISO 9002. f) Table 1 shows the existing life plan for this unit. Comment on whether you think that some of the tasks designated for the scheduled shutdown could be bonkd during production windows or when the plant is on-line. Could any of the tasks designated for completion during production windows be completed on-line?From the company bread and butter guidelines, it can be seen that the company stipulates a 16 hour shutdown for the batch reactor during it 40th week of operation each year. Various sort and aid activities are carried out to ensure that the batch reactor archives 25 years life and the gear boxes give a 15 year working life. In step-up to the alimentation activities, the industry should be kept clean and painted to ensure that it passes the pharmaceutical inspectors test and observe unnecessary shutdown. The maintenance activities should further be scheduled in such a manner that they dont step in or affect the operation of the plant thereby maximizing the profits obtained from the production line. This calls for the computer programming of smartness maintenance operation to be done when the plant is still operating. Based on this classification, three maintenance operation are carried out for this batch reactor these are On linethese are maintenance activities that run concurrent with the production line. The maintenance activities are performed when the machine is still in use. Proper scheduling must be done to ensure that these activities are well mean for. The online and offline maintenance windows should also non coincide. Offline maintenance These are maintenance activities that are performed when batch reactor is switched off or some prison-breaking has to occur the machine is shut off and a part in the system is removed or repaired. Back up systems are used.Maintenance windowthis is a user defined period of condemnation in which automatic maintenance activities are carried out. During the maintenance window, the need for maintenance use is first evaluated, and if the system does non meet the required parameters a maintenance use is carried out. If the required conditions are met the maintenance activity is not carried out (IBM, 2009). The activity for this batch reactor can be scheduled as follows employmentCommentsCV1, replacing trim Currently the machine is shutdown before this maintenance activity is performed, based on the time taken to perform this activity and the frequency, it is best that it is done during the production window. Agitator gear case instructing the anele Checking the petroleum seal offs for leaks ocular check These activities are performed when the reactor is running, due to their frequency and time required these activities they can be done when the machine is still running(online)Agitator coupling Can be done when the production is progressing (online) as the process takes a short time and is performed often.SV1, pressure test and inspection This is a soused activity and can only be performed when the reactor is shutoff. Agitator visual check Does not require to be performed during shut off, it can be done as the machine operates (online) and can also be scheduled during the production window. It can also be performed when the agitator coupling is being checked innate inspection contract test Should be done when the equipment is shutoff as it is a rigorous activity and takes a long time Pressure test and inspectionIt can be done during the production window. Visual checks for leaks Leak test shaking remindering of the push and pump bearing Should be done on daily basis. The pump force should also be checked as the leak tests are done. This pass on help supervise the pump. The checks are done by the plant operator. g) Analyze the recorded jobs from the computer maintenance circumspection system (CMMS) for this unit. (These jobs are shown in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet called Worklist.xls.) Is there any evidence which confirms that the life plan is being carried out? Is there any evidence to say if the life plan is impressive or not?To check and analyze the data recorded on the computer maintenance management systems for this unit. The different maintenance activity was evaluated and the frequency of these activities, as well as the time taken to complete this activity was evaluated. The excel data was first sorted into the various groups of maintenance ac tivities. The obtained data was as follows For the agitator coupling the Visual check yearly ticket for weekly task were as follows 8/8/1996 4.335.2 intend8/8/19974.335.2 intend8/8/19984.335.2 plan8/8/19994.335.2 aforethought(ip)8/8/20004.335.2plotted8/8/20014.335.2Planned8/8/20024.335.2Planned8/8/20034.335.2PlannedFrom the table the maintenance activities were carried out as per the schedule and the activities took a longer time than was actually planned for. were as planned for. For the agitator visual check, the table is as shown in the trope below 3/3/1996 24Planned3/4/200224PlannedThe activity interval time was 6 years between subsequent maintenance activities and this was carried out as per the life plan specifications. They however took more time than was specified.For the oil seals, the maintenance information was as shown in the table below Check oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task 7/7/19968.6710.4PlannedCheck oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task7/7/19978.6710.4PlannedCheck oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task7/7/19988.6710.4PlannedCheck oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task7/7/19998.6710.4PlannedCheck oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task7/7/20008.6710.4PlannedCheck oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task7/7/20018.6710.4PlannedCheck oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task7/7/20028.6710.4PlannedAgain the time taken was longer, however the maintenance was according to the life plan. For the vibration monitor gear case and checking of the get bearing, the data for year 1996 and 2002 is as shown in the table below shiver monitor gearbox push bearings 2/10/199612PlannedVibration monitor gearbox repel bearings3/10/199612PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings4/10/199612PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings5/10/199612PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings6/10/199612PlannedVibration monitor gearbox mot or bearings7/10/199612PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings8/10/199612PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings9/10/199612PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings10/10/199612PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings11/10/199612PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings12/10/199612PlannedFor the 2002 data Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 1/10/200212PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings2/10/200212PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings3/10/200212PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings4/10/200212PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings5/10/200212PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings6/10/200212PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings7/10/200212PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings8/10/200212PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings9/10/200212PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings10/10/200212PlannedVibration monitor gearbox motor bearings11/10/200212Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings12/10/200212PlannedAgain the life plan was strictly followed and all maintenance activities planned were carried out every month. For the pressure test (SV2), again the maintenance activities followed the life plan Pressure test and inspect 9/6/199623PlannedPressure test and inspect9/6/199723PlannedPressure test and inspect9/6/199823PlannedPressure test and inspect9/6/199923PlannedPressure test and inspect9/6/200023PlannedPressure test and inspect9/6/200123PlannedPressure test and inspect9/6/200223PlannedFor the pressure test and inspection to ensure if reconditioning was required, the maintenance was as scheduled and took invest after 6 years as shown in the table below however the time for the activity was longer than it was expected.Pressure test and inspect 3/3/199623PlannedPressure test and inspect3/4/200223PlannedFor the steam jacket, the life plan was followed but again the allocated time was short. Despite the carefully planned main tenance activities, there were some antiphonal maintenance activities these resulted from detection of anomalies in the system. Some of these activities are shown in the table below.Component Item body process Date Standard time Actual time Type of job ReactorP1Replace leaking automatonlike seal7/2/199644 excited extractorP2Replace mechanical seal1/18/199723ReactiveReactorT1Re-calibrate temperature sensor9/1/199823ReactiveRaw Material StorageP3Replace seal11/16/199855ReactiveCentrifugeP2Replace mechanical seal3/29/199924ReactiveCentrifugeP2Replace mechanical seal5/18/199922ReactiveRaw Material StorageP3Repair plinth impact damage10/1/199944ReactiveRaw Material StorageP3Repair seized pump10/3/20001212ReactiveReactorT1Re-calibrate temperature sensor4/17/200122ReactiveCentrifugeT3Replace temperature sensor6/25/200222ReactiveFrom this analysis it can be seen that maintenance operations were done as scheduled and planned. However, most of the activities took a longer time than was sc heduled. The planned maintenance operations were not wholly effective as reactive maintenance operation were performed. h) Use your experience in conjunction with Figures 1 2, the plant description and the data from the CMMS to analyze the unit into its maintenance make itemsFrom the diagrams 1 and 2, the main areas that are promising to fail include The major maintenance causing units are (i)The steam unit The unit comprises of the safety valves, the steam jacket, the steam jacket safety valve, the earth control valve etc. these units are bound to fail and cause critical damage to the equipment as well as the manpower manning the plant. Their maintenance is critical. (ii)The agitator unit Comprises of the agitator, the agitator motor, the motor gearbox and coupling. The gearbox and the subscribe mechanism are bound to fail due continuous use as well as the forces acting on the agitator. Bearing wear are also likely to cause vibration on the shaft. (iii)The reactor unit The rea ctor unit, the reactor safety valve SV2, the safety valve drop down pipe work is also likely to cause plant unsuccessful person and should be checked regularly. (iv)The centrifuge The centrifuge system is also critical in the operation of this plant and is likely to cause major maintenance problems. Some of the maintenance checks include testing the motor bearing, checking the vibration on the machine, checking the wear on the seals of the centrifuge, physical check of the centrifuge as well as checking its drive motor and the valves leading to the pump and out of the pump. The minor units likely to cause maintenance problems are (v)Temperature sensor calibration The failure of the temperature alarm to detect increase in temperature beyond 125 degrees. This is due to a faulty temperature sensor. This calls for regular temperature sensor control, calibration and testing if the system works according to the set parameters. (vi)Checking the pipes Checking of the pipe work for any lea kage should also be done. Checks should be done regularly. (vii)Checking the pump for proper workability Pump delivering materials to the centrifugal unit should be checked. Some checks include the operate motor vibration tests, the motor starter tests as well as the functioning of the motor tests. Tests should be performed every month through physical checking of the motor. The agitator motor should also be checked to determine if its working at its rated torque and speed. (viii)Checking the steam trap The steam trap and the heat exchanger should also be regularly checked, this is because it cools the steam efficiently. The condenser should be checked for any leakages, blockages, wear, temperature and heat dissipation as well as its performance and efficiency. Tests involve both the physical checks as well as narrow tests using thermometers and thermocouple sensors to detect if the heat loss in the steam trap is sufficient enough.Checking the raw materials storage The warehouse u sed to store the raw materials should be regularly inspected to ensure that the materials are not contaminated. Presence of excess water, humidity, temperature and pests may damage the raw materials resulting to inferior products.Checking the raw materials feed mechanism The raw material feed mechanism should be checked to ensure delivery of materials to the batch reactor with ease. The motor used to run the feedstock should be checked, the physical leakages should also be checked and other component of the feed mechanism. The test should be done every month. Checking the paint coating Involves the Physical inspection of the plant to ensure that all the parts are not rusted or the paint has not been scourged. These tests are indispensable to ensure conformity with the pharmaceutical inspectors rules and regulation. The inspection can be done every year. i) Develop your own life plan for these maintenance causing items using the task selection logic for Reliability touch on Mainten anceFor the implementation of RCM the following main tasks are carried out infusion of the equipment to perform analysis designation of potential failures Identification and evaluation of the effects of the started failuresIdentification of the causes of failure Selecting the maintenance tasksMaintenance packaging1) Selection of equipment to perform analysis on The main equipments to perform analysis on are The batch reactor The centrifuge The steam jacket The centrifuge motor The raw materials handling equipment The identification of potential failures and the causes of failure The potential problems that are likely to occur areBATCH REACTOR The agitator The agitator motor failure The agitator gearbox failure The agitator coupling failure The centrifuge Centrifuge discharge pipe failure The centrifuge pump may fail The pump motor failure The piping system may fail The steam jacket Failure of the reactor safety valve Failure of the safety valve The temperature alarm s ystem failure The failure of the pressurized steam pipe network. Sensors and alarms Failure of the temperature controller The globe control valve failure The steam trap Raw materials feed system Failure of the inlet pipe work Failure of the motors conveying the raw materials The table below shows the maintenance strategy developed after conducting a RCM analysis. Table 1 RCM analysis Item Causes of failure Maintenance activity Frequency of maintenance judgment of conviction for maintenance The agitator The motor (1)Brush wear(2)Winding may overheat (3)The motor starters may fail Checking the motor 3 months 2 hours The gearbox (oil gearbox )(1)The viscosity of oil may reduce lubricity Testing the oil viscosity 3 months