Pbsl1114Cardiovascular Dynamics Laboratory Report

PBSL1114 Physiology for Human Movement Cardiovascular Dynamics Laboratory Report Student ID 2010004614 Due date and Value This report mustiness be submitted as a soft copy via email to emailprotected hk no later than 500 pm 4 April 2012. Penalties apply for late submission, see by nature outline for details. You must attend the laboratory session to get a mark for the related report. References used when answering questions must appear in a reference list at the end of your report. Value This report contributes 10% of your final grade. RESULTS Subject name Cheng Yat HinSex 0MF (circle)Age 21 Table 1. Heart Rate (HR), sitting, cunning and standing Time ( moment)HR (b. hour-1) seated HR (readings 3 minutes post-sitting BP determination)30075 30577 31080 31580 32080 32580 33076 Mean sitting HR78. 29 Lying HR (5 minutes afterward lying down)50070 50570 51068 51568 52070 52569 53069 Mean Lying HR69. 14 stand HR- immediately after standing from lying000104 -10 sec after standing fro m lying01084 20 sec after standing from lying02086 30 sec after standing from lying03088 rest HR- 2 min after standing from lying80 Table 2.Blood Pressure (BP), sitting, lying and standing. BP readerSystolic BP (mmHg)Diastolic BP (mmHg)MAP (mmHg) Sitting BP11227490 21207489. 33 31237188. 33 41237289 51217489. 67 Mean sitting BP121. 87389. 27 Sitting BP (automated BP monitor)1087082. 67 Trial Lying BP 11035269 2985670 Mean Lying BP100. 55469. 5 Standing BP Standing BP ASAP after standing from lying12989102. 33 Standing BP 2 min after standing from lying1208395. 33 Rebreathing air from a paper cornerstone. Resting sitting HR pre-breathing into bag75 (b. min-1) HR after 30 seconds breathing into bag 70 (b. in-1) HR after 120 seconds breathing into bag75 (b. min-1) Human honkytonk response. Water Temperature 17 o C HR (b. min-1)Systolic BP (mmHg)Diastolic BP (mmHg)MAP (mm Hg) Pre-immersion (immersion position)711187388 At 30-sec immersion (1)431467699. 33 At 30-sec immersion (2)5 11298197 Average deviation of immersion values from pre-immersion value-2419. 56. 510. 165 QUESTIONS (marks shown in brackets total = 30, percent of final grade = 10%) Answers must not be longer than the number of lines stated at the end of each question (10 pt font minimum).Answers exceeding the stated limits testament receive a mark of zero. Use your own words. This is an individual report. Plagiarism (e. g. , copying or lending answers, not referencing sources) ordain be penalized. Marks allow be deducted if you break any of these rules. Include the references you used in a list at the end of your report. 1. Marks for data recording (correctly/neatly) and calculations (DO NOT ANSWER) _____ (5) 2. ar the relationships between resting values for HR while lying, sitting and standing (2-minute post-lying value) what would be judge?Justify your response. (maximum 4 line response) (5 marks) From lying to sitting to standing, the resting HR is anticipate to gain, which the effect is shown in the subject (lying mean value = 69. 14 bpm, sitting mean value = 78. 29 bpm and standing after 2 min = 80 bpm). From lying to sitting to standing, more blood is pulled downward by gravity to the lower part of the body, making less venous return thusly lowering the stroke volume. To compensate the decrease of SV thus to maintain the cardiac output, HR increases. 3.Are the relationships between resting values for BP while lying, sitting and standing (2-minute post-lying value) what would be expected? Justify your response. (maximum 4 line response) (5 marks) The blood pressure should gradually rise from lying to sitting to standing, which is observed in the subject (MAP of lying 69. 5mmHg, sitting 82. 67 mmHg and standing 95. 33 mmHg). From lying to sitting to standing, more blood is pulled downward by gravity to the lower part of the body. To push the blood upward so as to maintain enough blood flow to the brain, blood pressure needs to increase for working once agains t the effect of gravity. . Explain the changes observed in HR and BP during the period following the subject moving from lying to standing. (maximum 4 line response) (5 marks) When the subject moving from lying to standing, BP should drop momentarily and HR should rise. The drop in BP is due to the pooling of blood in the lower part of the body. After sensing the drop in BP, the baroreceptor increases HR by the control of SNS and PNS. Then BP should rise again as the turn out of increased HR. The change is not seen in the subject. It might be due to other factors like the psychological factors masking the effect, or errors in measurement. . Were the observed changes in HR when your subject was rebreathing air from a paper bag as expected? Explain your answer with reference to what was expected and why. (maximum 4 line response)(5 marks) The rise in HR is expected when the subject is rebreathing air. The expectation is due to the increased CO2 concentration in the expired air will i ncrease the blood PCO2, which be noticed by the chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies. The receptors will then relay the information to CNS and indirectly leads to the increase in HR by autonomic nervous system.But the effect is not observed in the subject. 6. What is the human diving response? Did your subject show the diving response? (maximum 4 line response)(5 marks) Human diving response is the increase in MAP and decrease in HR as a result of breath holding and the reflex after the face touched water. This is done by the increased parasympathetic activities to the heart pacemaker cells (lower HR), increased sympathetic activities to limbs spark advance to vasoconstriction in the limbs (increase MAP). The subject showed the diving response, as there is a egative change in HR and a positive change in MAP 30s after immersion List of references used 1. http//ep. physoc. org/content/23/1/1. full. pdf+html 2. http//www. livestrong. com/article/307646-posture-heart-rate/ 3. ht tp//www. livestrong. com/article/268891-heart-rate-body-positions/ 4. http//www. livestrong. com/article/299614-blood-pressure-supine-vs-standing/ 5. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aortic_body 6. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cartoid_body 7. http//www. mendeley. com/research/mechanism-human-diving-response/